ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

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• A warning system for tsunamis
• Researchers find higher than expected carbon emissions from inland waterways
• Scientist suggests possible link between primordial black holes and dark matter
• Grill with caution: Wire bristles from barbecue brushes can cause serious injuries
• A 100-million-year partnership on the brink of extinction
• Study shows how air pollution fosters heart disease
• Living near a landfill could damage your health
• Poverty marks a gene, predicting depression
• High performance golf club comes with annoying sound
• Chemo, radiation, surgery combo boosts survival for pancreatic cancer patients
• Harnessing nature’s vast array of venoms for drug discovery
• Experts develop method for including migration uncertainty in population projections
• Can't resist temptation? That may not be a bad thing
• Mucus may play vital role in dolphin echolocation
• Acupuncture used in clinical settings reduced symptoms of menopause
• Single-step hydrogen peroxide production could be cleaner, more efficient
• Great apes communicate cooperatively
• Hubble finds clues to the birth of supermassive black holes
• Wildfire: It's not spreading like wildfire
• Depression lowers women's chances of pregnancy, study finds
• Crowdsourcing contest using data from people, dogs advances epileptic seizure forecasting
• As more states legalize marijuana, adolescents' problems with pot decline
• Study shows which new moms post the most on Facebook
• Lipid testing underutilized in adults taking antipsychotic medications
• Sugar substitutes may cut calories, but no health benefits for individuals with obesity
• Putting the brakes on cell's 'engine' could give flu, other vaccines a boost
• Silencing cholera's 'social media'
• Air pollution exposure may raise heart disease risk
• Low hormone levels linked to obesity in teens
• Study shows how bacteria evolve in lungs of cystic fibrosis patients
• Canadian military personnel more likely than civilians to think about suicide but also to seek help
• Colorectal cancer rate rising among younger people
• Distinguishing differences in dementia using brain scans
• Truck turns its own heat into power
• Even light drinkers should watch for fatty liver disease
• Northern invaders threaten Antarctic marine life
• Study of fungi-insect relationships may lead to new evolutionary discoveries
• Revealing the nature of magnetic interactions in manganese oxide
• Low to moderate risk of locally transmitted cases of Zika in parts of Europe
• People power crucial for low-carbon future, new research shows
• Optics breakthrough to revamp night vision
• Money really does matter in relationships
• New way of growing blood vessels could boost regenerative medicine
• PET imaging with special tracer can detect, diagnose early Alzheimer's disease
• Targeted treatment for liver cancer under way
• Coral bleaching 'lifeboat' could be just beneath the surface
• Higher salt intake may increase risk of cardiovascular disease among patients with chronic kidney disease
• Rates of obesity, diabetes lower in neighborhoods that are more walkable
• Antidepressants commonly, increasingly prescribed for nondepressive indications
• Barium leaches directly from fracked rocks
• Methane-producing microbes in California rocks
• Early armored dinosaur from Texas lacked cousin's club-tail weapon, but had a nose for danger
• Babies fed directly from breast may be at less risk for ear infections
• Astrophysicists detect most luminous diffuse gamma-ray emission from Arp 220
• Getting the most out of natural gas
• Alcohol exposure during adolescence leads to chronic stress vulnerability
• Can telehealth fill gap in autism services?
• Clinical trial demonstrates success of low FODMAP diet
• New tabletop instrument tests electron mobility for next-generation electronics
• How waves transport materials: How much can a mode-2 wave move?

A warning system for tsunamis Posted: 24 May 2016 06:34 PM PDT Scientists have developed the Time Reverse Imaging Method to take real-time data from the ocean sensors and use that information to recreate what the tsunami looked like when it was born. Once scientists have the tsunami source pinpointed, they can use it to make better predictions about what will happen once the waves reach shore. This new method is fast enough to compete with existing algorithms but much more accurate.

Researchers find higher than expected carbon emissions from inland waterways Posted: 24 May 2016 06:20 PM PDT Greenhouse-gas emissions from lakes and inland waterways may be as much as 45 percent greater than previously thought, new research indicates.

Scientist suggests possible link between primordial black holes and dark matter Posted: 24 May 2016 06:20 PM PDT An intriguing alternative view is that dark matter is made of black holes formed during the first second of our universe's existence, known as primordial black holes. A scientist suggests that this interpretation aligns with our knowledge of cosmic infrared and X-ray background glows and may explain the unexpectedly high masses of merging black holes detected last year.

Grill with caution: Wire bristles from barbecue brushes can cause serious injuries Posted: 24 May 2016 06:20 PM PDT While many people view Memorial Day weekend as the unofficial start of the summer grilling season, they may not be aware of the dangers of eating food cooked on grills cleaned with wire-bristle brushes. A new study identified more than 1,600 injuries from wire-bristle grill brushes reported in emergency rooms since 2002.

A 100-million-year partnership on the brink of extinction Posted: 24 May 2016 06:20 PM PDT A symbiotic relationship that has existed since the time of the dinosaurs is at risk of ending, as habitat loss and environmental change mean that a species of Australian crayfish and the tiny worms that depend on them are both at serious risk of extinction.

Study shows how air pollution fosters heart disease Posted: 24 May 2016 06:20 PM PDT A major, decade-long study of thousands of Americans found that people living in areas with more outdoor pollution -- even at lower levels common in the United States -- accumulate deposits in the arteries that supply the heart faster than do people living in less polluted areas. The deposits in the coronary arteries accelerate the progression of atherosclerosis, which can contribute to heart disease and heart attacks.

Living near a landfill could damage your health Posted: 24 May 2016 06:18 PM PDT Health is at risk for those who live within five kilometers of a landfill site.

Poverty marks a gene, predicting depression Posted: 24 May 2016 06:18 PM PDT A long line of research links poverty and depression. Now scientists unveil some of the biology of depression in high-risk adolescents whose families are socioeconomically disadvantaged. The study combines epigenetics, brain imaging and behavioral data over three years. The results are part of a growing body of work that may lead to biological predictors that could guide individualized strategies for preventing depression.

High performance golf club comes with annoying sound Posted: 24 May 2016 01:39 PM PDT In 2007, a new golf club hit the market. The distribution of mass in the club head made it less likely to twist, making an off-center hit less likely, but it had a drawback: a loud noise when it struck the ball, piercing through the tranquility of a golf course. The club never grew popular among players, with many saying they disliked the noise. Researchers set out to find the cause of the offensive clang.

Chemo, radiation, surgery combo boosts survival for pancreatic cancer patients Posted: 24 May 2016 01:38 PM PDT In roughly one-third of pancreatic cancer patients, tumors have grown around the pancreas to encompass critical blood vessels. Conventional wisdom has long held that surgery to remove the tumors is rarely an option, and life expectancies are usually measured in months. New research is finding that many of these patients actually are candidates for surgery.

Harnessing nature’s vast array of venoms for drug discovery Posted: 24 May 2016 01:37 PM PDT Scientists have invented a method for rapidly identifying venoms that strike a specific target in the body -- and optimizing such venoms for therapeutic use.

Experts develop method for including migration uncertainty in population projections Posted: 24 May 2016 01:37 PM PDT Statisticians have developed what is believed to be the first model for factoring in the uncertainties of migration in population projections.

Can't resist temptation? That may not be a bad thing Posted: 24 May 2016 01:37 PM PDT Children raised in poverty may have been mistakenly labeled as 'maladapted' for what appears to be a lack of self-control, new research suggests. The new study finds that what looks like selfishness may actually be beneficial behavior that's based on a child's environmental context -- that is to say, from being raised in a resource-poor environment.

Mucus may play vital role in dolphin echolocation Posted: 24 May 2016 01:37 PM PDT A dolphin chasing a tasty fish will produce a stream of rapid-fire echolocation clicks that help it track the speed, direction and distance to its prey. Now researchers have developed a model that could yield new insights into how the charismatic marine mammals make these clicks - and it turns out mucus may play an important role.

Acupuncture used in clinical settings reduced symptoms of menopause Posted: 24 May 2016 11:49 AM PDT Acupuncture treatments can reduce the number of hot flashes and night sweats associated with menopause by as much as 36 percent, according to researchers.

Single-step hydrogen peroxide production could be cleaner, more efficient Posted: 24 May 2016 11:49 AM PDT Chemical and biological engineers have uncovered new insight into how the compound hydrogen peroxide decomposes. This advance could inform efficient and cost-effective single-step strategies for producing hydrogen peroxide.

Great apes communicate cooperatively Posted: 24 May 2016 11:49 AM PDT Gestural communication in bonobos and chimpanzees shows turn-taking and clearly distinguishable communication styles.

Hubble finds clues to the birth of supermassive black holes Posted: 24 May 2016 11:49 AM PDT Astrophysicists have taken a major step forward in understanding how supermassive black holes formed. Using data from Hubble and two other space telescopes, researchers have found the best evidence yet for the seeds that ultimately grow into these cosmic giants.

Wildfire: It's not spreading like wildfire Posted: 24 May 2016 11:49 AM PDT A new analysis of global data related to wildfire reveals major misconceptions about wildfire and its social and economic impacts. Researchers carried out detailed analysis of global and regional data on fire occurrence, severity and its impacts on society. They found that global area burned has seen an overall slight decline over past decades, despite some notable regional increases.

Depression lowers women's chances of pregnancy, study finds Posted: 24 May 2016 11:49 AM PDT Women with severe depressive symptoms have a decreased chance of becoming pregnant, while the use of psychotropic medications does not appear to harm fertility, a study shows.

Crowdsourcing contest using data from people, dogs advances epileptic seizure forecasting Posted: 24 May 2016 11:49 AM PDT It might sound like a riddle: What do you get when you combine one online contest, two patients, five dogs and 654 data scientists?

As more states legalize marijuana, adolescents' problems with pot decline Posted: 24 May 2016 11:49 AM PDT A survey of more than 216,000 adolescents from all 50 states indicates the number of teens with marijuana-related problems is declining. Similarly, the rates of marijuana use by young people are falling despite the fact more US states are legalizing or decriminalizing marijuana use and the number of adults using the drug has increased.

Study shows which new moms post the most on Facebook Posted: 24 May 2016 11:49 AM PDT A study shows which psychological characteristics of some new mothers may affect how they use Facebook to show off their baby. The research concluded that those mothers who posted more on Facebook tended to report more depressive symptoms after nine months of parenthood than other moms.

Lipid testing underutilized in adults taking antipsychotic medications Posted: 24 May 2016 11:47 AM PDT Too few adults taking antipsychotic medications are being screened for abnormalities in lipids, which include cholesterol and triglycerides, new research finds. The biggest gap in screening is among adults age 40 and younger, the group for whom early detection and intervention has been shown to be effective when additional cardiovascular risk is present.

Sugar substitutes may cut calories, but no health benefits for individuals with obesity Posted: 24 May 2016 11:47 AM PDT A new study had individuals report their diet over the previous 24 hours, after which they were categorized as consumers of artificial sweeteners (aspartame or saccharin), or high or low consumers of natural sugars (sugar or fructose). Diabetes risk was measured as the ability to manage blood sugars using an oral glucose tolerance test. Results showed that those who used artificial sweeteners, particularly aspartame, may have worse glucose management than those who don't take sugar substitutes

Putting the brakes on cell's 'engine' could give flu, other vaccines a boost Posted: 24 May 2016 11:47 AM PDT Altering MCJ -- a relatively unknown molecule that regulates metabolism in virus-attacking T cells -- can result in a boost to the immune system's response to the flu, according to a new study.

Silencing cholera's 'social media' Posted: 24 May 2016 11:47 AM PDT Bacteria use a form of 'social media' communication, quorum sensing, to monitor how many of their species are in the neighborhood. This is important in the pathogenicity of Vibrio cholerae, the cause of cholera. In a new study scientists explore the molecular mechanism whereby the quorum sensing response regulator LuxO regulates V. cholerae's pathogenicity.

Air pollution exposure may raise heart disease risk Posted: 24 May 2016 11:46 AM PDT Exposure to air pollution can worsen blood sugar levels, cholesterol and other risk factors for heart disease, particularly in people with diabetes, according to a new study.

Low hormone levels linked to obesity in teens Posted: 24 May 2016 11:46 AM PDT Obese teenagers already show signs of hormonal differences from normal-weight peers that may make them prone to weight gain, according to a new study.

Study shows how bacteria evolve in lungs of cystic fibrosis patients Posted: 24 May 2016 11:46 AM PDT The bacterium Burkholderia multivorans evolves and adapts in bursts to survive in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients, according to a new study. The work, believed to be the first retrospective look at the evolution of this microorganism, indicates that B. multivorans directly or indirectly targets adherence, metabolism and changes to the cell 'envelope' to stick around and evade antibiotics.

Canadian military personnel more likely than civilians to think about suicide but also to seek help Posted: 24 May 2016 11:46 AM PDT Canadian military personnel have higher rates of suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts, but they are also more likely to access mental health support than civilians, found new research.

Colorectal cancer rate rising among younger people Posted: 24 May 2016 11:46 AM PDT A new study shows the rate of colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to increase in individuals under 50 years old, despite the fact that the overall rate of the disease has been declining in recent years. Following examination of more than 1 million CRC patient records over 10 years, researchers suggested that health-care providers should be more vigilant about detecting symptoms in younger patients.

Distinguishing differences in dementia using brain scans Posted: 24 May 2016 09:45 AM PDT Neuroscientists are now able to distinguish two different forms of dementia using advanced imaging techniques. This is the first step towards early recognition of dementia in patients on the basis of brain networks.

Truck turns its own heat into power Posted: 24 May 2016 09:45 AM PDT A 195-year-old discovery is behind a new system that will save vehicles hundreds of liters of fuel and reduce their carbon emissions by as much as 1,000 tons per year.

Even light drinkers should watch for fatty liver disease Posted: 24 May 2016 09:44 AM PDT People who are genetically predisposed with reduced enzyme activity to breakdown active aldehyde are more likely to develop a fatty liver even if they have no drinking habit, a new study outlines.

Northern invaders threaten Antarctic marine life Posted: 24 May 2016 09:44 AM PDT Scientists have found evidence that marine life can easily invade Antarctic waters from the north, and could be poised to colonize the rapidly-warming Antarctic marine ecosystems.

Study of fungi-insect relationships may lead to new evolutionary discoveries Posted: 24 May 2016 09:44 AM PDT Zombie ants are only one of the fungi-insect relationships studied by a team of biologists in a newly compiled database of insect fungi interactions.

Revealing the nature of magnetic interactions in manganese oxide Posted: 24 May 2016 09:44 AM PDT A mathematical approach for studying local magnetic interactions has helped scientists understand the magnetic properties of a material with long-range magnetic order.

Low to moderate risk of locally transmitted cases of Zika in parts of Europe Posted: 24 May 2016 09:44 AM PDT ECDC has updated its rapid risk assessment on the Zika epidemic that continues to evolve in the Americas and the Caribbean.

People power crucial for low-carbon future, new research shows Posted: 24 May 2016 09:43 AM PDT Policy makers must harness the power of ordinary people if society is to transition to a low-carbon energy future, argues a leading technology historian.

Optics breakthrough to revamp night vision Posted: 24 May 2016 09:42 AM PDT A breakthrough could make infra-red technology easy-to-use and cheap, potentially saving millions of dollars in defense and other areas using sensing devices for night vision, and boosting applications to a host of new areas, including agriculture. Researchers have demonstrated a dramatic increase in the absorption efficiency of light in a layer of semiconductor only a few hundred atoms thick -- from 7.7 percent currently to almost 99 percent light absorption.

Money really does matter in relationships Posted: 24 May 2016 09:42 AM PDT Our romantic choices are not just based on feelings and emotions, but how rich we feel compared to others, a new study has found.

New way of growing blood vessels could boost regenerative medicine Posted: 24 May 2016 09:42 AM PDT Growing tissues and organs in the lab for transplantation into patients could become easier after scientists discovered an effective way to produce three-dimensional networks of blood vessels, vital for tissue survival yet a current stumbling block in regenerative medicine.

PET imaging with special tracer can detect, diagnose early Alzheimer's disease Posted: 24 May 2016 09:42 AM PDT Recognizing that the use of biomarkers has led to advances in the detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD), researchers reviewed a PET amyloid imaging agent, finding that imaging with PiB provides early detection of disease and allows clinicians to distinguish AD from other dementias. Using this and other agents provides a valuable pathway for investigating the relationship between amyloid pathology and changes in cognition, brain structure, and function.

Targeted treatment for liver cancer under way Posted: 24 May 2016 09:40 AM PDT A new molecular mechanism has been discovered that can be used to inhibit the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma, which is the most common liver cancer, report scientists.

Coral bleaching 'lifeboat' could be just beneath the surface Posted: 24 May 2016 09:40 AM PDT A report commissioned by the United Nations offers a glimmer of hope to those managing the impact of bleaching on the world's coral reefs, including the Great Barrier Reef. The 35 authors of the United Nations Environmental Programme in-depth report say as the world's surface reefs are being threatened, part of the ecosystem may survive in these barely known deeper environments, known as mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs).

Higher salt intake may increase risk of cardiovascular disease among patients with chronic kidney disease Posted: 24 May 2016 09:40 AM PDT Scientists have evaluated more than 3,500 participants with chronic kidney disease, examining the association between urinary sodium excretion and clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) events.

Rates of obesity, diabetes lower in neighborhoods that are more walkable Posted: 24 May 2016 09:40 AM PDT Urban neighborhoods in Ontario, Canada, that were characterized by more walkable design were associated with decreased prevalence of overweight and obesity and decreased incidence of diabetes between 2001 and 2012, according to a study.

Antidepressants commonly, increasingly prescribed for nondepressive indications Posted: 24 May 2016 09:40 AM PDT Researchers analyzed treatment indications for antidepressants and assessed trends in antidepressant prescribing for depression.

Barium leaches directly from fracked rocks Posted: 24 May 2016 09:40 AM PDT Researchers are shedding light on the early chemical reactions in the organic sediments that would ultimately become the Marcellus Shale, a major source of natural gas and petroleum.

Methane-producing microbes in California rocks Posted: 24 May 2016 09:34 AM PDT Scientists report that they have found evidence of hardy, methane-producing microbes in water that surfaces from deep underground at The Cedars, a set of freshwater springs in Sonoma County.

Early armored dinosaur from Texas lacked cousin's club-tail weapon, but had a nose for danger Posted: 24 May 2016 09:34 AM PDT First-ever CT scans of the early armored dinosaur Pawpawsaurus campbelli reveal that although the Texas dino lacked its cousin's club-tail it had a sharp nose for danger. A relative of Ankylosaurus, Pawpawsaurus's saving grace from predators may have been an acute sense of smell, says vertebrate paleontologists. Pawpawsaurus lived 100 million years ago, preceding Ankylosaurus by 35 million years. CT scans allow scientists to determine how the animal's brain functioned.

Babies fed directly from breast may be at less risk for ear infections Posted: 24 May 2016 09:34 AM PDT Feeding at the breast may be healthier than feeding pumped milk from a bottle for reducing the risk of ear infection, and feeding breast milk compared with formula may reduce the risk of diarrhea, according to a recent study.

Astrophysicists detect most luminous diffuse gamma-ray emission from Arp 220 Posted: 24 May 2016 09:34 AM PDT Astronomers have detected for the first time the most luminous gamma-ray emission from the merging galaxy Arp 220 -- the nearest ultraluminous infrared galaxy to Earth reveals the hidden extreme energetic processes in galaxies. Luminous infrared galaxies and ultraluminous infrared galaxies are the most luminous of all galaxies.

Getting the most out of natural gas Posted: 24 May 2016 09:34 AM PDT Scientists have discovered a new catalyst that allows the easy conversion of natural gas constituents into precursors for the production of fuels or complex chemicals, such as polymers or pharmaceuticals. The new catalyst is extremely stable and results in fewer unwanted by-products.

Alcohol exposure during adolescence leads to chronic stress vulnerability Posted: 24 May 2016 09:15 AM PDT Drinking during early to mid-adolescence can lead to vulnerability to chronic stress, according to new research. A research team gave alcohol to rats every other day, starting from early to mid-adolescence. When the team looked at the same rats in adulthood, they found that adult males didn't show hormonal stress adaptation, making them more vulnerable to chronic stress.

Can telehealth fill gap in autism services? Posted: 24 May 2016 09:15 AM PDT Parents struggling to find and afford therapy for their child with autism may eventually be able to provide that therapy themselves with the help of telehealth training, a new report suggests.

Clinical trial demonstrates success of low FODMAP diet Posted: 24 May 2016 09:15 AM PDT A first of its kind US trial shows diet changes helped those with a hard-to-treat gut disorder overcome symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. The study measured the degree of relief from low FODMAP, a frequently recommended diet, which stands for Fermentable Oligo-Di-Monosaccharides and Polyols.

New tabletop instrument tests electron mobility for next-generation electronics Posted: 24 May 2016 09:15 AM PDT The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, with facilities in Florida and New Mexico, offers scientists access to enormous machines that create record-setting magnetic fields. The strong magnetic fields help researchers probe the fundamental structure of materials to better understand and manipulate their properties. Yet large-scale facilities like the MagLab are scarce, and scientists must compete with others for valuable time on the machines. Now researchers have built a tabletop instrument that can perform measurements that were only previously possible at large national magnet labs.

How waves transport materials: How much can a mode-2 wave move? Posted: 24 May 2016 09:15 AM PDT For the first time, two mathematicians have created a 3-D simulation of the mass transport capabilities of mode-2 waves. Such models will help define how mode-2 waves can carry materials that are either beneficial (such as phytoplankton and other food sources) or detrimental (such as crude oil and other contaminants) between ecosystems.

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