ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

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• Baby fish lose poisonous protectors in acidified oceans
• Humans artificially drive evolution of new species
• Don't abandon national referendums, but smaller groups often make wiser choices
• New study shows impact of human-made structures on Louisiana's coastal wetlands
• New way out: Researchers show how stem cells exit bloodstream
• A lesson from fruit flies: Possible first therapy for an uncommon childhood disease
• See and sort: Developing novel techniques to visualize uncultured microbial cell activity
• Hubble reveals stellar fireworks in 'skyrocket' galaxy
• Early bird wings preserved in Burmese amber
• Engineers to use cyborg insects as biorobotic sensing machines
• Pipelines affect health, fitness of salmon
• Biologists explain function of Pentagone
• Non-healing tissue from diabetic foot ulcers reprogrammed as pluripotent stem cells
• 'Bugs' on the subway: Monitoring the microbial environment to improve public health
• Boston subway system covered in microbes, but they're not harmful
• Mutant enzyme study aids in understanding of sirtuin's functions
• Doing the math on Zika and sex
• Veils, Headscarves May Improve Observers' Ability to Judge Truthfulness
• New model predicts once-mysterious chemical reactions
• 'Squishy' motors and wheels give soft robots a new ride
• No need for supercomputers
• Lab-tested diagnosis needed when treating patients with persistent diarrhea
• New preclinical study indicates vaccine to prevent Zika infection in humans is feasible
• Latest research on physical therapy in ICU setting a 'surprising reversal'
• Animals 'inherit' their social network from their mothers, study shows
• Antidepressant does not reduce hospitalization, death for HF patients with depression
• Monkey study shows Zika infection prolonged in pregnancy
• New technology could deliver drugs to brain injuries
• Tiniest Imperfections Make Big Impacts in Nano-Patterned Materials
• Insights into neurons that cause symptoms of Rett syndrome could guide new therapy search
• Video privacy software lets you select what others can see
• Shape-changing enzyme suggests how small doses of anti-HIV drug might treat Alzheimer's
• Compounds in parsley and dill help fight cancer, research shows
• New method to grow and transplant muscle stem cells holds promise for treatment of muscular dystrophy
• Liquid biopsy biomarkers identify prostate cancer before surgery
• Conservation key to curbing emissions from palm oil agriculture in Africa
• Researchers find human development's first gear
• Fish oil during pregnancy offers no protection for children against obesity
• Insurance causes costs of services to rise
• Researchers identify possible link between the environment and puberty
• Honeybee circadian rhythms are affected more by social interactions
• Gene signature in ovarian cancer predicts survival and offers new drug target
• One giant leap for the future of safe drug delivery
• Next flu pandemic could double past cost estimates
• Helicopter parents: Hovering may have effect as kids transition to adulthood
• Study uses diverse sample to examine childhood weight's link to age of first substance use
• Early screening spots emergency workers at greater risk of mental illness
• Novel lipid lowering medication improves blood sugar control in type 2 diabetes
• Fungi can be used to control filth fly adults, reduce egg laying
• Five new confirmed microcephaly cases in Colombia may be harbingers of epidemic
• What happens when you steam a planet?
• Research links high zinc levels, kidney stones
• Two-in-one approach could help keep brain cancer in check
• Previously unknown global ecological disaster discovered
• Rotating ring of complex organic molecules discovered around newborn star: Chemical diversity in planet forming regions unveiled
• Car ownership has the biggest influence over how much exercise londoners do while traveling
• Greenery in Neighborhoods May Reduce Adolescent Aggressive Behavior
• World's first successful artificial insemination of southern rockhopper penguin
• Clandestine black hole may represent new population
• Lost hormone is found in starfish

Baby fish lose poisonous protectors in acidified oceans Posted: 28 Jun 2016 07:17 PM PDT A common close partnership which sees baby fish sheltering from predators among the poisonous tentacles of jellyfish will be harmed under predicted ocean acidification, a new study has found.

Humans artificially drive evolution of new species Posted: 28 Jun 2016 07:17 PM PDT Species across the world are rapidly going extinct due to human activities, but humans are also causing rapid evolution and the emergence of new species. A new study summarizes the causes of humanmade speciation, and discusses why newly evolved species cannot simply replace extinct wild species.

Don't abandon national referendums, but smaller groups often make wiser choices Posted: 28 Jun 2016 03:26 PM PDT Larger crowds do not always produce wiser decisions, new research shows. Moderately-sized crowds are likely to outperform larger ones when faced with combinations of easy and difficult qualitative decisions.

New study shows impact of human-made structures on Louisiana's coastal wetlands Posted: 28 Jun 2016 03:26 PM PDT As Louisiana's wetlands continue to disappear at an alarming rate, a new study has pinpointed the human-made structures that disrupt the natural water flow and threaten these important ecosystems. The findings have important implications for New Orleans and other coastal cities that rely on coastal wetlands to serve as buffer from destructive extreme weather events.

New way out: Researchers show how stem cells exit bloodstream Posted: 28 Jun 2016 03:25 PM PDT Therapeutic stem cells exit the bloodstream in a different manner than was previously thought, new research shows. This process, dubbed angiopellosis by the researchers, has implications for improving our understanding of not only intravenous stem cell therapies, but also metastatic cancers.

A lesson from fruit flies: Possible first therapy for an uncommon childhood disease Posted: 28 Jun 2016 03:25 PM PDT Extending what they learned from flies to mice, researchers discover a possible first therapy for an uncommon childhood disease. Mucolipidosis IV (MLIV) is a devastating early childhood neurological disease characterized by progressive neurodegeneration, leading to severe impairments in muscle coordination, cognitive deficits and retinal degeneration that causes blindness.

See and sort: Developing novel techniques to visualize uncultured microbial cell activity Posted: 28 Jun 2016 11:15 AM PDT Researchers used a recently refined technique to identify both individual active cells, and single clusters of active bacteria and archaea within microbial communities. Scientists are interested in learning how the planet's microbial dark matter can be harnessed for energy and environmental challenges.

Hubble reveals stellar fireworks in 'skyrocket' galaxy Posted: 28 Jun 2016 11:15 AM PDT A new Hubble Space Telescope image shows a firestorm of star birth lighting up one end of the diminutive galaxy Kiso 5639. The dwarf galaxy is shaped like a flattened pancake, but because it is tilted edge-on, it resembles a skyrocket, with a brilliant blazing head and a long, star-studded tail. Kiso 5639 is a member of a class of galaxies called "tadpoles" because of their bright heads and elongated tails. This galaxy resides relatively nearby, at 82 million light-years away. Tadpoles are rare in the local universe but more common in the distant cosmos, suggesting that many galaxies pass through a phase like this as they evolve.

Early bird wings preserved in Burmese amber Posted: 28 Jun 2016 11:14 AM PDT Thousands of remarkable fossil birds from the time of the dinosaurs have been uncovered in China. However, most of these fossils are flattened in the rock, even though they commonly preserve fossils.

Engineers to use cyborg insects as biorobotic sensing machines Posted: 28 Jun 2016 11:14 AM PDT A team of engineers is looking to capitalize on the sense of smell in locusts to create new biorobotic sensing systems that could be used in homeland security applications.

Pipelines affect health, fitness of salmon Posted: 28 Jun 2016 11:12 AM PDT Pipelines carrying crude oil to ports in British Columbia may spell bad news for salmon, according to a new study. Exposure to an oil sands product -- diluted bitumen -- impairs the swimming ability and changes the heart structures of young salmon.

Biologists explain function of Pentagone Posted: 28 Jun 2016 11:12 AM PDT How do the cells in a human embryo know where they are located in the body and how they should develop? Why do certain cells form a finger while others do not? Biologists have explained the mechanisms that control these steps by showing why veins form at particular points in the wing of a fruit fly. The protein Pentagone spreads a particular signal in the wing that tells the cells how to behave.

Non-healing tissue from diabetic foot ulcers reprogrammed as pluripotent stem cells Posted: 28 Jun 2016 11:12 AM PDT Researchers have established for the first time that skin cells from diabetic foot ulcers can be reprogrammed to acquire properties of embryonic-like cells.

'Bugs' on the subway: Monitoring the microbial environment to improve public health Posted: 28 Jun 2016 11:12 AM PDT The trillions of microbes that transfer from people to surfaces could provide an early warning system for the emergence of public health threats such as a flu outbreak or a rise in antibiotic resistance, according to a new study.

Boston subway system covered in microbes, but they're not harmful Posted: 28 Jun 2016 11:12 AM PDT Boston's subway system, known as the T, might be just as bacteria-laden as you'd expect but organisms found there are largely from normal human skin and incapable of causing disease, according to a study published June 28 in mSystems, an open access journal of the American Society for Microbiology.

Mutant enzyme study aids in understanding of sirtuin's functions Posted: 28 Jun 2016 10:11 AM PDT The enzyme sirtuin 6, or SIRT6, serves many key biological functions in regulating genome stability, DNA repair, metabolism and longevity, but how its multiple enzyme activities relate to its various functions is poorly understood. A team of researchers has devised a method for isolating one specific enzyme activity to determine its contribution and lead to better overall understanding of SIRT6.

Doing the math on Zika and sex Posted: 28 Jun 2016 10:11 AM PDT A math professor has developed a scientific model to address the various ways the Zika virus proliferates. The study reveals that mosquito control should remain the most important mitigation method to control the virus. However, the study reveals that Zika is a complicated virus and sexual transmission increases the risk of infection and prolongs the outbreak.

Veils, Headscarves May Improve Observers' Ability to Judge Truthfulness Posted: 28 Jun 2016 09:36 AM PDT Contrary to the opinions of some courts, it is easier to determine the truthfulness of a woman wearing a headscarf or even a veil that leaves only her eyes exposed than a woman wearing no head covering at all, according to research published by the American Psychological Association.

New model predicts once-mysterious chemical reactions Posted: 28 Jun 2016 09:28 AM PDT A team of researchers has developed a theoretical model to forecast the fundamental chemical reactions involving molecular hydrogen.

'Squishy' motors and wheels give soft robots a new ride Posted: 28 Jun 2016 09:28 AM PDT A small, squishy vehicle equipped with soft wheels rolls over rough terrain and runs under water. Future versions of the versatile vehicle might be suitable for search and rescue missions after disasters, deep space and planet exploration, and manipulating objects during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), according to its creators. Their most important innovation is a soft motor that provides torque without bending or extending its housing.

No need for supercomputers Posted: 28 Jun 2016 09:28 AM PDT A group of physicists in Russia has learned to use a personal computer for calculations of complex equations of quantum mechanics, usually solved with help of supercomputers. This PC does the job much faster.

Lab-tested diagnosis needed when treating patients with persistent diarrhea Posted: 28 Jun 2016 09:28 AM PDT Persistent diarrhea, which is diarrhea that lasts at least 14 days, is an illness typically caused by parasites or bacteria and requires accurate diagnosis in order to determine what treatment to give, according a new report.

New preclinical study indicates vaccine to prevent Zika infection in humans is feasible Posted: 28 Jun 2016 09:27 AM PDT The Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) and collaborators at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School have completed a promising preclinical study of two Zika vaccine candidates that suggests that an effective human vaccine will be achievable. Findings from the study were published today in the journal Nature.

Latest research on physical therapy in ICU setting a 'surprising reversal' Posted: 28 Jun 2016 09:27 AM PDT In a surprising about-face, researchers have determined that a protocol providing physical therapy to ICU patients with acute respiratory failure did not shorten hospital length of stay. The study, which is the largest to-date on this topic, reversed the findings from earlier pilot studies.

Animals 'inherit' their social network from their mothers, study shows Posted: 28 Jun 2016 09:27 AM PDT Two biologists have developed a mathematical model of the way social networks arise in animal populations. Though relatively simple, their model generated networks that faithfully recapitulated important properties of networks observed in field-collected data from four very different animal populations: spotted hyenas, sleep lizards, rock hyrax and bottlenose dolphins.

Antidepressant does not reduce hospitalization, death for HF patients with depression Posted: 28 Jun 2016 09:26 AM PDT Investigators have examined whether 24 months of treatment with the antidepressant escitalopram would improve mortality, illness, and mood in patients with chronic heart failure and depression.

Monkey study shows Zika infection prolonged in pregnancy Posted: 28 Jun 2016 08:48 AM PDT Researchers studying monkeys have shown that one infection with Zika virus protects against future infection, though pregnancy may drastically prolong the time the virus stays in the body.

New technology could deliver drugs to brain injuries Posted: 28 Jun 2016 08:48 AM PDT A new study describes a technology that could lead to new therapeutics for traumatic brain injuries. The discovery provides a means of homing drugs or nanoparticles to injured areas of the brain.

Tiniest Imperfections Make Big Impacts in Nano-Patterned Materials Posted: 28 Jun 2016 08:47 AM PDT Scientists report an interesting conclusion that could have major impacts on the future of nano-manufacturing. Their analysis for a model of the process of random sequential adsorption (RSA) shows that even a small imprecision in the position of the lattice landing sites can dramatically affect the density of the permanently formed deposit.

Insights into neurons that cause symptoms of Rett syndrome could guide new therapy search Posted: 28 Jun 2016 08:46 AM PDT Two studies in mice reveal new insights into neurons that mediate symptoms typical of the postnatal neurological disorder Rett syndrome.

Video privacy software lets you select what others can see Posted: 28 Jun 2016 08:46 AM PDT Camera-equipped smartphones, laptops and other devices make it possible to share ideas and images with anyone, anywhere, often in real-time. But in our cameras-everywhere culture, the risks of accidentally leaking sensitive information are growing. Computer scientists have developed software that helps prevent inadvertent disclosure of trade secrets and other restricted information within a camera's field of view by letting users specify what others can see.

Shape-changing enzyme suggests how small doses of anti-HIV drug might treat Alzheimer's Posted: 28 Jun 2016 08:46 AM PDT An approved anti-HIV drug latches to the enzyme already responsible for about 80 percent of the cholesterol elimination from the human brain, report scientists. Obtained with a cutting-edge atom-substitution technology called hydrogen-deuterium exchange, the molecular roadmap shows how small amounts of the drug can kick the enzyme, called CYP46A1, into higher gear.

Compounds in parsley and dill help fight cancer, research shows Posted: 28 Jun 2016 08:46 AM PDT A team of Russian scientists has proposed an efficient approach to novel agents with anticancer activity. A synthesis of these agents is based on compounds extracted from parsley and dill seeds.

New method to grow and transplant muscle stem cells holds promise for treatment of muscular dystrophy Posted: 28 Jun 2016 08:43 AM PDT Satellite cells are stem cells found in skeletal muscles. While transplantation of such muscle stem cells can be a potent therapy for degenerative muscle diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, these cells tend to lose their transplantation efficiency when cultured in vitro. Researchers treated these stem cells with leukemia inhibitory factor, which effectively maintained the undifferentiated state of the satellite cells and enhanced their transplantation efficiency.

Liquid biopsy biomarkers identify prostate cancer before surgery Posted: 28 Jun 2016 08:43 AM PDT Prostate cancer researchers have discovered biomarkers using non-invasive liquid biopsies to identify aggressive disease before surgery.

Conservation key to curbing emissions from palm oil agriculture in Africa Posted: 28 Jun 2016 08:43 AM PDT As oil palm production expands from Southeast Asia into Central Africa, a new study finds that converting Africa's forests into monoculture plantations could trigger significant carbon emissions unless governments enact mandatory policies regulating which forests can be cleared and how much remaining forest must be set aside for conservation. Developing only low-carbon forests and requiring that one acre be set aside for every 2.6 acres put into production will be essential for achieving net-zero emissions.

Researchers find human development's first gear Posted: 28 Jun 2016 08:43 AM PDT Researchers are closer to solving a decade-old mystery after discovering that a set of genes they are studying play a key role in early human development.

Fish oil during pregnancy offers no protection for children against obesity Posted: 28 Jun 2016 08:43 AM PDT Across the world, many schoolchildren under 10 are overweight. In the search for the cause of this phenomenon, fetal programming was put under scrutiny in new research. That the mother's diet might have some influence could not be confirmed in a long-term study: administering a special diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids to pregnant women neither resulted in children being slimmer nor fatter than their counterparts from the control group whose mothers ate a normal diet.

Insurance causes costs of services to rise Posted: 28 Jun 2016 08:43 AM PDT Dishonesty not only damages relation between human beings, it can also have a devastating effect on the economy. Scientists have now found out that in markets for credence goods -- markets that require a high degree of trust -- there are also strong incentives for dishonest behavior.

Researchers identify possible link between the environment and puberty Posted: 28 Jun 2016 08:41 AM PDT A possible epigenetic link between the environment and pubertal timing has been discovered by researchers. To a large extent, pubertal timing is heritable, but the underlying genetic causes are still unexplained. Researchers have now studied how chemical modifications of the human genome (so-called epigenetic modifications) change when girls and boys enter puberty. The results indicate that such epigenetic changes are involved in defining the onset of puberty.

Honeybee circadian rhythms are affected more by social interactions Posted: 28 Jun 2016 08:37 AM PDT For the first time, a field study shows that social time cues override influence of light and darkness in regulating the natural body clock of honeybees, highlighting the complexity of clock regulation in natural habitat

Gene signature in ovarian cancer predicts survival and offers new drug target Posted: 28 Jun 2016 08:37 AM PDT A new study has identified a gene signature that predicts poor survival from ovarian cancer. The study also identified genes which help the cancer develop resistance to chemotherapy -- offering a new route to help tackle the disease.

One giant leap for the future of safe drug delivery Posted: 28 Jun 2016 08:37 AM PDT By using an innovative 3-D inkjet printing method, researchers have taken the biggest step yet in producing microscopic silk swimming devices that are biodegradable and harmless to a biological system.

Next flu pandemic could double past cost estimates Posted: 28 Jun 2016 08:03 AM PDT Policy makers' and public health officials' proper reactions could hold down the total costs to U.S. GDP of an influenza outbreak. Otherwise, costs could be nearly double previous estimates, say experts in a new report.

Helicopter parents: Hovering may have effect as kids transition to adulthood Posted: 28 Jun 2016 08:02 AM PDT Parental involvement is crucial to a child's development into an adult, but researchers are finding that crossing the line between supportive and too involved could indirectly lead to issues such as depression and anxiety for young adults.

Study uses diverse sample to examine childhood weight's link to age of first substance use Posted: 28 Jun 2016 08:02 AM PDT Girls who were overweight as children are likely to begin using cigarettes, marijuana or alcohol at an earlier age than their healthy-weight peers, according to a new study.

Early screening spots emergency workers at greater risk of mental illness Posted: 28 Jun 2016 07:41 AM PDT Emergency services workers who are more likely to suffer episodes of mental ill health later in their careers can be spotted in the first week of training. Researchers wanted to see if they could identify risk factors that made people more likely to suffer post-traumatic stress (PTSD) or major depression (MD) when working in emergency services.

Novel lipid lowering medication improves blood sugar control in type 2 diabetes Posted: 28 Jun 2016 07:41 AM PDT Volanesorsen, an experimental lipid-lowering medication, improved insulin sensitivity and glucose control by significantly decreasing patients' overall hemoglobin A1c -- the standard clinical measurement of blood glucose levels for diabetics -- in a new study.

Fungi can be used to control filth fly adults, reduce egg laying Posted: 28 Jun 2016 07:41 AM PDT Researchers have found that commercial formulations containing entomopathogenic fungi can not only help to control adult house flies and stable flies, but can also inhibit egg laying and larval development.

Five new confirmed microcephaly cases in Colombia may be harbingers of epidemic Posted: 28 Jun 2016 06:30 AM PDT Just when it seemed that missing cases of microcephaly in Colombia were straining the credibility of the Zika virus' connection to the birth defects, the latest report from Colombia includes five new cases of microcephaly with Zika infections.

What happens when you steam a planet? Posted: 28 Jun 2016 04:28 AM PDT Numerical models show hot, rocky exoplanets can change their chemistry by vaporizing rock-forming elements in steam atmospheres that are then partially lost to space.

Research links high zinc levels, kidney stones Posted: 28 Jun 2016 04:26 AM PDT A new study into the causes of kidney stones has revealed that high levels of zinc in the body may contribute to kidney stone formation. Kidney stones are hard, often jagged masses of crystalized minerals that form in the kidney. Some kidney stones are very small and pass through the body without even being noticed. Larger stones may get stuck in the urinary tract, however, causing severe pain and blood in the urine.

Two-in-one approach could help keep brain cancer in check Posted: 28 Jun 2016 04:26 AM PDT Glioblastoma is not only the most common form of brain cancer, it's also the most deadly. It affects people from around 40 years of age, and most people live for less than 2 years after aggressive therapy. Now scientists report that a two-in-one approach could help keep brain cancer in check.

Previously unknown global ecological disaster discovered Posted: 28 Jun 2016 04:24 AM PDT There have been several mass extinctions in the history of the earth with adverse consequences for the environment. Researchers have now uncovered another disaster that took place around 250 million years ago and completely changed the prevalent vegetation during the Lower Triassic.

Rotating ring of complex organic molecules discovered around newborn star: Chemical diversity in planet forming regions unveiled Posted: 28 Jun 2016 04:24 AM PDT Researchers have discovered a rotating ring containing large organic molecules around a protostar. This observation definitively shows that organic materials formed in interstellar space are brought into the planet-forming region. Researchers also found that the molecular species brought into the planet-forming region vary from one protostar to another. Chemical composition is a new way to answer the long-standing question of whether or not the Solar System is a typical example of a planetary system.

Car ownership has the biggest influence over how much exercise londoners do while traveling Posted: 28 Jun 2016 04:22 AM PDT Traveling is an important source of exercise for Londoners. Owning a car or bicycle has the strongest influence on how much active travel a Londoner engages in. Car ownership leaves them two to three times less likely to travel actively. And in Outer London, simply owning a bicycle makes you more likely to get 30 minutes of active travel in, even if you have not used it recently.

Greenery in Neighborhoods May Reduce Adolescent Aggressive Behavior Posted: 28 Jun 2016 04:22 AM PDT Adolescents in urban communities may have less aggressive behaviors if they live in neighborhoods with more greenery, such as parks, golf courses, or fields. Studies have shown that the families we grow up in, the places we work, and the friends we keep (our social environment) play a large role in influencing behavior. However, not much is known about how one's outdoor environment - such as the greenery in one's neighborhood - affects behavior.

World's first successful artificial insemination of southern rockhopper penguin Posted: 28 Jun 2016 04:22 AM PDT DNA tests have confirmed that one of the three southern rockhopper penguin chicks born at Osaka Aquarium Kaiyukan between June 4 and 6 was conceived through artificial insemination. It is the world's first successful case of a southern rockhopper penguin being conceived through artificial insemination.

Clandestine black hole may represent new population Posted: 28 Jun 2016 04:22 AM PDT Astronomers have concluded that a peculiar source of radio waves thought to be a distant galaxy is actually a nearby binary star system containing a low-mass star and a black hole. This identification suggests there may be a vast number of black holes in our Galaxy that have gone unnoticed until now.

Lost hormone is found in starfish Posted: 28 Jun 2016 04:20 AM PDT Biologists have discovered that the evolutionary history of a hormone responsible for sexual maturity in humans is written in the genes of the humble starfish.

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